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Listed below by Electoral District are the community projects that were successful in receiving 2016 CBP grant funding. Please note this information is considered to. Top 5 Reasons to NOT Convert Your Car to Propane or LPGThere’s been a lot of talk lately about bi- fuel cars running on LPG and propane, most notably from Chrysler and Lancia in Europe, but in the US as well, with several companies offering propane conversion kits. Propane has a few advantages of gasoline, of course. It tends to burn more cleanly, it’s cheaper, etc. Still, nothing is perfect. Like any fuel, LPG/propane has some draw- backs that you’ll definitely want to be aware of before you “pull the trigger” and finally convert your car to propane. Here’s a brief rundown: 1. Tuning for Propane. As many of you who’ve looked under a car’s hood lately can tell you, cars in 2. There are sensors, processors, wires, connectors – a bunch of electronics, in other words, and they’re all driven, controlled, and calibrated by software. That software, by the way, is often encrypted by the manufacturers to make it difficult (if not impossible) to change stuff. On top of that, all those sensors, processors, etc. LPG/propane. What that means to you, would- be- propane converter, is that getting it wrong is far, Far, FAR easier than getting it right. When you get it right, the rewards can be huge, which is why companies like Switzer Performance and Syvecs spend tons of hours and dollars developing engine management solutions for flex- fuel cars – and why they charge upwards of $1. Good Conversions are Expensive. The Switzer/Syvecs flex- fuel conversions I’m talking about should be considered “neutral ground” here, because they focus on ethanol, rather than propane, but did you notice that their conversions are almost exclusively featured on $1. That’s because, as I touched on above, getting conversions right is expensive, and it could be years before a conversion pays for itself. I can already hear the peanut gallery chanting, “That’s why I’m going to convert an older car: fewer computers to mess with!”Ill grant you that older, simpler vehicles will be easier to convert, yes, but they’re also older. As such, they may be (read: will be) less reliable, parts may be harder to source, and it’s an objective fact that pretty much every aspect of vehicle performance from acceleration and braking to safety and fuel efficiency has improved significantly since the carburetor became a niche product for guys building Pro- stock Darts in their driveways. So, even though you found that cheap propane conversion kit on e. Bay and read about how awesome it was on that forum and you’re pretty sure you’ve got what it takes to convert that old pickup to propane, it might still be years before it pays for itself. Canadianpond.ca, your source in Canada & worldwide for aeration, water treatments, fountains, deicing for municipalities, industries, ponds & lakes owners. Limited Range on Propane Alone. In the introduction of this article, I talked about some large- scale manufacturers developing bi- fuel vehicles that could be run on either propane or gasoline. There’s a solid reason for doing so: cars running on propane have less range, compared to the volume of the fuel stored, than cars running on conventional gasoline. The main difference in range comes from a difference in heat energy per liter of fuel (gasoline’s is better). ![]() Of course, BTUs are only one small part of the overall equation. It doesn’t take into account the thermal efficiency of a fuel, it’s detonation- resistance, etc. We’re talking about converting an existing engine that’s been optimized for gasoline. See disadvantages no. No Universal Connectors. Let’s say you decided to convert your car to propane. You’ve done the conversion “right”. You’ve skipped the bi- fuel step, since it’s impossible to optimize a given hardware set for two fuels, and decided that your “LPG is the fuel for me!” t- shirt is ripe for the wearing. Good for you! Now, it’s time to re- fuel. You head to the nearest KOA campground that sells propane and suddenly, horrifically realize that it was all for nothing. Their nozzle won’t fill your tank. This isn’t strictly an LPG/propane problem. In truth, none of what you’re reading about here is a problem that’s specific to propane – even electric cars are having this problem. Tesla’s Supercharger system isn’t compatible with Nissan’s Leaf, and maybe neither of those are compatible with the SAE’s Combo Connector. The lack of universal connectors, nozzles, etc. The Tax Credit for Propane is a Joke. In theory, the government will cover 5. In practice, however, they’ll cover $5. Septic tank, sewage filter, sewage disposal, filtering basin, leach pit, septic leach field and infiltrator chamber sewage disposal systems for the do-it-yourselfer. Top VIdeos. Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /srv/users/serverpilot/apps/jujaitaly/public/index.php on line 447. If it was enough, you’d see a bunch of propane conversions. It’s not. Ergo, you don’t. Here’s the actual DOE wording on the AFV Conversion Tax Credit for your perusal …Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Conversion Tax Credit. Businesses or individuals are eligible for an income tax credit of up to 5. Qualified alternative fuels are compressed and liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (propane), hydrogen, electricity, and fuels containing at least 8. The maximum credit is $5. GVWR) of 1. 0,0. 00 pounds (lbs) or less, and $1,0. GVWR of more than 1. The credit is only available during the year that the business or entity converts the vehicle. An alternative fuel seller may not receive a credit for converting its own vehicles to operate on the alternative fuel they sell. Reference Montana Code Annotated 1. I do about how to turn blogging into a six- figure income. Not much, in other words! SO, if you absolutely, positively, must convert your car to propane, my advice is as follows: Spend big money. If you don’t have big money, buy a Morgan. If you can’t afford a Morgan, stay the f*** away from e. Bay. Sources | Photos: Motorpasion, Green Car Reports, US Dept. Oracle RAC 1. 2c Database on Linux Using Virtual. Box. By Sergei Romanenko. This article describes the installation of Oracle Database 1. Release 1 (1. 2. 1. RAC on Linux (Oracle Linux 6. Virtual. Box (4. 2. Highlights of this installation procedure. Smallest possible footprint in terms of RAM and disk space without noticeable performance hit; Short and fast way to get RAC installed and running. Only required operations included. If you can find more efficient way, please let me know; Both ASMLib and Udev shared disk configurations are covered; GUI- maximized, it is friendly for beginners, saves time for experienced veterans; Content. Introduction. This is my second article on Oracle RAC installed in Virtual. Box. The first one was about RAC version 1. Over last year, I became very active user of Virtual. Box. this is quite stable piece of software and I moved many aging physical computers in my household into virtual machines. A year ago I bought 1. GB of RAM for my laptop (paying about $1. Probably it is even more affordable now. Given this trend of galloping RAM size, the entry- level laptop computers with 1. GB are not far away from now. In this article I made adjustments for Oracle 1. Virtual. Box versions. Some steps were straightened or dropped making installation of 1. Your feedback is welcome, it helps to make the whole procedure simpler and faster. If you want to get through all steps of the Oracle RAC installation and your laptop or desktop computer has 8 GB or more of RAM (1. GB is recommended). Oracle Virtual. Box as demonstrated in this article. You can get a running RAC system which can host a small test database. The created system is not, and should not be considered, a production- ready system. It's simply to allow you to get used to installing and using RAC and test various administration procedures. The article also explains how to save the images and restore RAC from the images in a matter of minutes. Even if you break your test system, it will be easy to restore. This article uses the 6. Oracle Linux, version 6. Oracle 1. 2c Release 1, version 1. Using Virtual. Box you can run multiple Virtual Machines (VMs) on a single server. RAC nodes on a single machine. In addition, it allows you to set up shared virtual disks. The finished system includes two guest operating systems. Oracle Grid Infrastructure (Clusterware + ASM) and two Database instances all on a single server. A Linux distribution (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system made from a software collection, which is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package.![]() ![]() System Requirements. GB of RAM; 4. 4 GB of free space on the hard disk + staging area for Oracle Linux and RAC downloads, about 9 GB; This procedure was tested on 6. Windows 7. The successful installation was also reported on Mac. Book Pro 2. 01. 1, 8. GB RAM, with OS X 1. Mountain Lion) and Virtual. Box 4. 2. 1. 8 - . Rudresh Rana who shared this information. It should be no problem using Virtual. ![]() Box on other Host OSes. Please let me know if you had success or problems in other OSes; Download Software. Download the following software. Virtual Machine Setup. In this exercise, we are using Virtual. Box installed on 6. Is the problem specific to a certain guest OS? Specific release of a guest OS? Especially with Linux guest related problems, the issue may be. Currently, you can run containers on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (RHEL 7) Server and Red Hat Enterprise Linux Atomic (based on RHEL 7) systems. Windows 7. We must define two virtual RAC nodes. We can save time by defining one VM, then cloning it when it is installed. Start Virtual. Box and click the "New" button on the toolbar. Enter the name "rac. OS "Linux" and Version "Oracle (6. Next" button. Set Base Memory to 3. MB, then click the "Next" button. Accept the default option to create a new virtual hard disk by clicking the "Create" button. Accept the default VDI type and click the "Next" button on the Create Virtual Hard Drive screen. Accept the default "Dynamically allocated" option by clicking the "Next" button. Accept the default file name and set size to "2. G", then click the "Create" button. The "rac. 1" VM will appear on the left hand pane. Click on the "Network" link on the right side. Make sure "Adapter 1" is enabled, attached to "Internal Network" or "Host- only Adapter". This inetrface will be used for public network, for example, for connection to the RAC datbase from other applications. More about networking will be explained later. On the screenshot below "Internal Network" is selected and name "pubnet" was given to this network. Then click on the "Adapter 2" tab. Make sure "Adapter 2" is enabled and attach to "Internal Network". Name this network "privnet". Then finally click on the "Adapter 3", enable it, and attach to "Bridged Adapter" or "NAT". This adapter will be used for internet. Then press "OK" button. Optionally, you can disable the audio card using "Audio" link. This will probably save some amount of space and avoid potential problems related to audio settings. Also if your system has 4 CPU cores or more, it will make sense to allocate 2 CPUs to the Virtual Machine. You can do that in "System" settings. The virtual machine is now configured so we can start the guest operating system installation. Guest Operating System Installation. Please note that during installation Virtual. Box will be keeping the mouse pointer inside VM area. To exit, press Right Control key on the keyboard. We will use Oracle Linux 6. ISO image downloaded earlier. Place the . iso file into the virtual DVD. Select "Storage" link on the right hand pane of the Virtual. Box Manager screen to open "Storage" screen. Then select DVD drive in the "Storage Tree" section. In "Attributes" section click on the DVD disk icon and choose DVD . Note that name of the file shows in the Storage Tree. Then press 'OK". Start the virtual machine by clicking the "Start" button on the toolbar. The resulting console window will contain the Oracle Linux boot screen. Proceed with the "Install or upgrade an existing system". Do not perform the media test. Choose "Skip" button. Continue through the Oracle Linux installation as you would for a normal server. On next three screens select Language, Keyboard, and Basic Storage Devices type. Confirm to discard any data. Note. For this sandbox setup we used domain name "localdomain". You can change it, but keep in mind to make same change throughout this exercise. Set "Hostname" to rac. Configure Network". In the Network Connections screen select "System eth. Edit". Make sure that "Connect automatically" is checked. Select "IPv. 4 Settings" tab; change Method to "Manual". Press "Add" and fill Address: 1. Netmask: 2. 55. 2. Gateway: 0. 0. 0. Press "Apply" then done. In the Network Connections screen select "System eth. Edit". Then check the box "Connect automatically". Select "IPv. 4 Settings" tab; change Method to "Manual". Press "Add" and fill Address: 1. Netmask: 2. 55. 2. Gateway: 0. 0. 0. When done, press "Apply". Finally select "System eth. Internet, then press "Edit". Check the box "Connect automatically". Select "IPv. 4 Settings" tab make sure the Method is set to "Automatic (DHCP)". Press "Apply" button. Close Network Connections screen and proceed to next setup screen. Select time zone. Type in Root Password: oracle. Select "Use All Space" type of installation and check "Review and modify partitioning layout". Edit size of lv_swap device to 1. MB; then edit size of lv_root to 1. MB. Press "Next". Confirm through warnings and create partitions. Keep defaults in Boot loader screen. In the software type installation screen select "Database Server" and check "Customize now" button. In the Customization screen select "Databases" and uncheck all items; select "Desktops" and check "Desktop" and "Graphical Administration Tools". Next and finish installation. When it comes back, there will be more setup screens obvious to handle. Don't create 'oracle' account, this will be done later. You can skip Kdump settings. Congratulations! The Linux has been installed. Tip. We will need to to use Terminal program (Main Menu | Applications | System Tools | Terminal) very often. You can save time by adding Terminal icon to the Panel or Desktop. Right click on Terminal menu item and select. Add this launcher to panel" or "Add this launcher to desktop". Check Internet Access. We will need Internet access because additional packages will be installed online. Open terminal (Main menu | Applications | System Tools | Terminal) and try to ping any Internet site, for example. If ping doesn't work, troubleshoot the problem using 'ifconfig' command and making changes in Network Connections. Linux desktop Main menu | System | Preferences | Network Connections). If you made changes in Network Connections, restart interface by rebooting VM or running these two commands. Then check the ping again. Oracle Clusterware Installation Prerequisites. Part 1. All actions in this section must be performed by the root user. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 7. Released. Red Hat Enterprise Linux commonly but not officially abbreviated as RHEL is a Linux distribution developed from commercial point of view. Red Hat Enterprise Linux provides their source code for free but keep check on free re- distribution of their officially supported version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. All the third party derivatives and community supported distributions be it Cent. OS, Oracle Linux and Scientific Linux build and redistribute their distribution by removing non- free components and Trade mark of Red Hat. Red Hat releases its distribution under various editions viz., Server, Desktop, Academic, Entry- level server (ES), Advanced Server (AS), Work Station (WS), etc. Since the product is commercial- centric it is free as in speech but not free as in beer. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, codename “Maipo” was released on June 1. It is based on Fedora core 1. Linux Kernel 3. 1. Gnome 3. 8 and Systemd 1. The life cycle of Red Hat Enterprise Linux is 1. The first point update of latest stable release was released on march 0. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. Red Hat Support, functionality improvement for Active directory environment and access to Microsoft windows file and print server adds to the list. Features of RHEL 7. The world’s leading enterprise operating system gets several improvement and enhancement. Here is the list of most important improvements that is useful for industry use case: Available for architectures x. AMD, x. 86_6. 4 Intel, IBM Power 7, Power 8 and System z. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. Network boot and Installation media is powered with GRUB2 boot loader. Turbostat tool which is a part of kernel is updated to support new processors. Installer Anaconda has been updated to improve installation. Kdump which is used for kernel crash dumping is now configurable from the installation screen. Previously it could be configured on first boot and not before that. Also kdump will have large memory upto 6. TB in Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Manual Partitioning has been improved with a little change in the location of controls. Network bridge is now configurable from the Network and Hostname interface. Get help for Anaconda in command line by using # anaconda - h option. Secure Encrypted Partitions and logical volumes with 2. Get help in Graphical installation screen. LVM cache supported – use small fast device to create Logical volume that act as cache for larger, slower devices. Btrfs file system supported as technical preview thus offering advanced, reliable, manageable and scalable feature. Kpatch introduced. A dynamic kernel patching utility introduced as technology preview. Booting crashkernel enabled with more than 1 CPU, supported as technology preview. Device Mapper target is introduced as technology preview. It keep track of which block were written within user defined period, ‘era’. Scheduler Load- Balancing Performance Improvement. Deterministic random bit generator, updated to work on x. Increased number of virtual CPUs (v. CPUs) in KVM uptop 2. USB 3. 0 support enabled in KVM as Technology Preview. Free. OTP supported for two- factor authentication applicationfor one time password authentication. Red Hat High Availability improved to next stage. Open JDK 8 supported in parallel of existing java- 1. Trusted Network Connect feature has been added as Technology Preview. Updated Network Manager. Virtual Tunnel Interface (VTI) support included. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is shipped with Docker Project Version 1. Deploy Application within Linux Container. SSSD is integrated for Common Internet File System (CISF). Restricted domain access for unauthorized users. SELinux policy has been updated. Open. SSH updated and improved systemd suppor. Mozilla Thunderbird – an alternative to Evolution has been added. Next Level security implementation by use of AD sudo provider along with LDAP provider. Download RHEL 7. 1 DVD ISO Images. Red Hat Enterprise Linux being a commercial distribution is not free to download and use. You have to pay for the subscription. Different editions have different subscription charge. If you have an active subscription you may login to the official website and download your distribution from there. Here is the link to login and download from official site. If you don’t have a subscription and want to buy one, you may refer to the below link. Alternatively, you may download and test a 3. Installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. After downloading RHEL 7. DVD Binary ISO image, then burn it to a CD/DVD media or create a bootable USB media using Unetbootin Live. USB Creator. 2. Insert the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. DVD or USB to your system and choose to boot from DVD or USB from BIOS. You will be greeted with welcome screen. Fig. 0. 1: RHEL 7. Boot Menu. 3. Checking the installation media by default. You may cancel this by pressing ‘ESC‘ key. Fig. 0. 2: Checking Installation Media. After Interrupted/Successful installation media checking, Installer will be started. Fig. 0. 3: Starting Installer. Time to choose language of Installation. Choose any language you are comfortable with. Though it is always a good idea to stick to English. Click Continue…Fig. Language Selection. Installation Summary Interface. Here you can modify Date and Time, Keyboard, Language Support, Installation Support, Software Selection, Installation Destination, Kdump, Network and Hostname. Fig. 0. 5: Installation Summary. Set Date and Time, as per you Geographical Location and click Done. Fig. 0. 6: Date and Time Selection. Select Additional language to be installed and click Done. Fig. 0. 7: Install Additional Language. Time to modify (not necessary) installation source. Add additional repositories here, and other repositories over http. If you are not sure about these better stick to ‘Auto- detected installation Media‘ and Click Done. Fig. 0. 8: Select Installation Source. Software Selection Interface. In production you should always select ‘Minimal Install‘ which installs your system with basic installation. This way you may choose which software to install and nothing extra thus higher level of customization. Here in the example, I choose to install with GUI because I don’t wanted to give my time on GUI installation later moreover I am not going to use this installation in production. It is just a test drive. To proceed Click Done. Fig. 0. 9: Software Selection. OS. You have the option to encrypt your data from this interface. Also option to automatic configure partitioning as well as manual partitioning. Automatic partitioning will do everything for you, but it won’t give you that level of customization as manual partitioning would. I chose “I will Configure Partitioning” aka Manual Partitioning. Select device and click done. Fig. 1. 0: Manual Partitioning. You may add multiple partitioning, RAID and SAN Devices. If not required, you may click done. Fig. 1. 1: Installation Destination. Time to partition disk manually. Fig. 1. 2: Disk Partitioning. Add a new mount point (/boot) by clicking on + symbol. Input desired capacity and click to Add mount point. Fig. 1. 3: Create Boot Partition. Next is the /boot partition settings window. Change file system from xfs to ext. Fig. 1. 4: Select ext. File System. 16. Add another mount point (/) by clicking + symbol and add Desired Capacity to it. Finally Click Add mount Point. Fig. 0. 15: Create (/) Root Partition. Change file system to ext. Fig. 1. 6: Set ext. Filesystem Type. 18. Time to create Swap mount point. Click on + icon to add swap as mount point and input desired Capacity. Finally click Desired Capacity. Fig. 1. 7: Create Swap Partition. Update swap partition settings, if required from this window. Fig. 1. 8: Update Swap Partition Settings. Time to Accept changes you have made to the disk. Fig. 1. 9: Summary of Partition Changes. Enable Network and Host name from this window. You may configure the connection if required. Fig. 2. 0: Configure Network and Hostname. Back to Installation Summary windows. Everything looks Okay. Time to begin installation. Fig. 2. 1: Begin RHEL 7. Installation. 23. Packages are being installed. The windows points at ROOT PASSWORD is not set and no user is created as of now. Fig. 2. 2: Installation Process. You may always get help (yelp browser) at any point of installation which is very well documented. Fig. 2. 3: Set Root Password. Create Root Password. Fig. 2. 4: Create Root Password. Create User account and password. Fig. 2. 5: Create User Account. Back to configuration window. Now no issue is visible. Fig. 2. 6: Installation Process Continuous. How to Install Windows XP (with Pictures)1. Load the installer. Once your Boot Order is set, insert the Windows XP CD into your drive and Save and Exit from the BIOS. ![]() ![]() Your computer will reboot and you will be presented with the message: Press any key to boot from CD. Press any key on your keyboard to start the Setup program. Setup will load files necessary to begin the installation, which may take a few moments. Once the loading is complete, you will be taken to the Welcome screen. Press ENTER to begin installation. Once the loading is complete, you will be taken to the Welcome screen. You are given several options, but if you are installing or reinstalling Windows XP, you’ll want to press ENTER to start the installation configuration. Read the License Agreement. This document tells you what you can and can’t do with Windows, and your rights as the consumer. After reading, press F8 indicating you agree to the terms. Select the partition you want to install on. You will see a list of available partitions on your installed hard drives. If you are installing Windows XP on a new hard drive, you should see only one entry labeled "Unpartitioned space." If you have a previous version of Windows or Linux installed on your computer, you will potentially have multiple partitions. Installing Windows XP will erase all of the data on the partition that you choose.
Select a partition that is empty or that contains data that you do not care to lose. You can delete your partitions with the “D” key. This will return them to “Unpartitioned space”. Any data on the partition will be lost when it is deleted. Create a new partition. Select the Unpartitioned space and press “C”. This will open a new screen where you can set the partition’s size from the available space. Enter the size in megabytes (MB) for the new partition and then press ENTER. By default, the partition will be set to the maximum amount of available space. Unless you plan on creating multiple partitions, you can usually leave this at its default. Windows XP requires at least 1. Tags: Reinstall Windows, install Windows, Windows help, Speed up Windows, parallel install windows, fresh install of Windows, clean install of Windows, Install. MB) for its installation files, but you will want more than this for programs, documents, downloads, and other files. MB) is a good baseline amount for Windows XP, with more if you plan on installing a lot of programs. You can create multiple partitions on a single drive. This can allow you to separate your programs from your movies and music, or to install another operating system. Windows XP can only be installed on one discrete partition. Select your new partition. Once you’ve created your installation partition, you will be returned to the partition selection screen. Select your new partition, usually labeled "C: Partition 1 [Raw]" and press ENTER. Select "Format the Partition using the NTFS File System" and press ENTER. NTFS is the preferred method, supporting a larger amount of disk space per partition than FAT, and including security features at the file system level. NTFS also includes system level compression. There are almost no situations anymore where choosing FAT would be preferable. If your partition size is larger than 3. GB, you will not be given the option to choose FAT. It is highly recommended to avoid Quick Format, as this skips an important process that checks the hard drive for errors or bad sectors. This scan is what consumes the majority of the time taken when performing a full format. If there are errors on a disk at the physical level, it's best to catch them now rather than later. Wait for the format to complete. The system will now format the partition. The length of time this process requires depends on the speed and size of the drive. In general, the larger the partition, the longer the process will take. Wait for the Setup files to copy. Windows will now start copying files from the installation disc and prompt you to reboot the computer when the process is completed. Press ENTER when prompted to reboot, otherwise it will do so automatically after 1. Allow the computer to boot normally. You will see the message asking you to press a key to boot from CD. Ignore it and allow the computer to continue booting from the hard drive. You will see the Windows logo as the Setup program loads. Wait for the installation to proceed. After the Windows logo goes away, you will see a list of steps remaining on the left side of the screen, and tips for using windows on the right. The time remaining for the installation will be displayed below the list of steps remaining. It is normal for the screen to flicker, turn on and off, or resize during this process. Choose your language and region settings. During the installation process a dialog window will appear, asking you to choose your Regional settings. Select appropriate settings native to your area. Click the Next button when that is completed. Enter your full name if you want. This will be set as the “owner” of Windows, and will be attached to certain things, such as Document creation. Enter your Product Key. You will not be able to complete the installation process without a valid Product Key. Click "Next" to continue. Some versions of Windows will not ask for the Product Key until installation is complete. Set your computer’s name. This will be the name that represents the computer on a network. Windows sets a default name, but you can change it if you would like. You can also set a password for the Administrator account. This is optional, but recommended for public computers. Select your time zone. Ensure that the date/time are correct. Click "Next" to continue. Choose your network settings. Almost all users installing Windows XP on a home or personal computer can leave "Typical Settings" selected for Network Setup. If you are installing Windows XP in a corporate or academic environment, check with the system administrator, though Typical Settings will most likely work. In the next window, nearly all users can select “No, this computer is not on a network, or is on a network without a domain.” If you are in a corporate setting, ask your system administrator which you should choose. You can typically leave the workgroup name set to default. Wait for the installation to finalize. This will only take a few minutes, and the computer will reboot when it is finished installing. Once the computer reboots, you will be taken to the Windows XP desktop. At this point, installation is complete, though there are a few things left to do before Windows is completely usable.. Hi All, Does anyone have any working code for reading from an EEPROM using the I2C library. I've just spent a weekend failing to get this up and running. Aardvarks Might Be Doomed Because of Climate Change. Aardvarks (Orycteropus afer) are probably the most endearingly doofy- looking animals ever to grace the African continent. These Seussian snufflers look like someone threw an anteater, a rabbit, a pig, and an armadillo into a smelter. Aardvarks have entered the consciousness of millions of children as both the first animal in any alphabetic listing, and the species ID of the titular character of the animated series Arthur. This all makes findings in a new paper published in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters particularly hard to hear: Climate change may kill off large numbers of aardvarks, to the point of regional extinction (or ‘extirpation’) in many areas. Currently, aardvarks seem to be doing alright for themselves. They are found throughout much of sub- Saharan Africa, barring the hottest and driest parts. However, as climate change progresses, the areas that aardvarks live in are predicted to get hotter and drier, with longer and more frequent droughts. Considering aardvarks’ avoidance of toasty, desert regions, the coming climatic shift is more than a little ominous for the species. A team of South African scientists studying the physiological flexibility of aardvarks received a glimpse into how this scenario could play out by tracking the body temperatures and movements of aardvarks during a brutally hot and dry summer—conditions that closely replicate Africa’s predicted future climate. ![]()
The researchers implanted sensors recording body temperature and physical activity (‘biologgers’) into six aardvarks inhabiting a semi- arid region of the Kalahari Desert in the winter of 2. The aardvarks were released to go on their merry way for the next eight months, and the biologgers dutifully did what they were designed to do. What then followed was a summer of cruel extremes. Temperatures hit record highs and winds were a third stronger than normal, a combo that turned southern Africa into a blast furnace and induced severe drought conditions. At the end of the summer, it came time to retrieve the biologgers. And how did the aardvarks do? Well, not great. All but one of the study aardvarks died, and nearly a dozen aardvarks at the site not a part of the study also perished. But data from the biologgers revealed that it likely wasn’t heat stroke or dehydration that did them in. In the deceased aardvarks, body temperatures stayed relatively constant in the spring and start of the summer, but declined overall as the summer progressed, swinging extremely low at night. The normally nocturnal animals also flipped their schedules, becoming active during the day. This, coupled with the fact that all the study aardvarks were found emaciated, suggests that the aardvarks actually starved to death. Without adequate ants and termites—which need a minimum level of soil moisture to survive—the aardvarks ran low on energy reserves, unable to maintain their core temperatures and resorting to braving the hot sun just to keep all systems running. Until they couldn’t anymore. The study provides a grim peek into the future for aardvarks. Largely incapable of surviving the indirect effects of conditions that are expected to be commonplace in the coming century, aardvarks may vanish from vast swaths of their current range, or even risk extinction. Worse still, the loss of aardvarks could trigger a domino effect for African ecosystems. Aardvarks, with their constant burrowing and excavating, are “ecosystem engineers,” modifying the physical environment in a way that creates shelter and resources for scores of other creatures. Beavers do it when they dam waterways, for example. The loss of these types of engineers in places like Australia has already been shown to damage ecosystems. There are many lifeforms that stand to lose from the disaster that is drought- induced aardvark starvation, preschoolers learning their ABC’s and meme makers just some of them. If Africa continues to heat up and dry out, as is expected in future decades, less and less territory will be suitable for aardvarks, and their range will substantially shrink. While it is possible some regions that were previously too swampy and waterlogged for aardvarks to successfully inhabit could become hospitable as they dried out, it would come at a loss of other ecosystems, and aardvarks would still have a greatly diminished presence on the continent as former grasslands transition to deserts. The widespread loss of aardvarks is not entirely destiny, but their survival largely depends on humanity addressing climate change. Jake Buehler is a Seattle area science writer with an adoration for the Tree of Life’s weird, wild, and unsung—follow him on Twitter or at his blog. |
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